拗柴（足踝扭傷）係咩？ What is a sprained ankle?

足踝係人體下肢一個精密關節，負責支撐步行、跳躍同跑步等日常活動。當關節承受過大壓力或超出活動幅度時，就會導致拗柴，損傷韌帶或關節囊，引致劇痛同活動受限，需要立即處理。The ankle is a complex and delicate structure, instrumental to movement in the lower part of the human body. 

The joint capsule holds the ankle together and provides stability that allows us to perform daily activities including walking, jumping and running.

Excessive stress or movement beyond the body’s natural limitations can result in a sprained ankle causing damage to the joint, the joint capsule or the ligaments in the ankle.

A person’s movements are significantly restricted and immediate medical attention is highly recommended.

拗柴症狀 Symptoms Sprained Ankle

• 關節突然刺痛（常見於「踩凹腳」動作後）
• 患處腫脹、瘀血（可能伴隨內出血）
• 輕微拗柴可透過休息同護具穩定復原
• 嚴重個案或需專業治療，否則可能引發關節退化

A sprained ankle or a rolling of the foot can cause the joint capsule to tear. The individual often experiences a sharp stabbing pain in the joint.

Often, there is accompanied bleeding and edema in the injured region. Bruising is also a typical sign of serious damage and may suggest underlying complications.

In mild cases, ample rest and stabilization through orthosis can restore the joint capsule back to normal function.

However, in severe cases, there could be serious underlying complications that need to be addressed by a health professional with targeted healing. If left unchecked, it could lead to degeneration of the joint.

拗柴診斷 Diagnosis Sprained Ankle

醫生會透過臨床檢查同MRI/X光評估傷勢。急性期後，建議配合物理治療同足踝護具加速康復。

Practitioners rely on detailed physical examinations and sophisticated medical technology, like MRI and X-ray imaging, to determine the severity of the injury.

Sufficient prescribed physiotherapy, after the acute stage, in conjunction with the use of an ankle orthosis is highly recommended for a speedy and smooth recovery. 

拗柴急救與治療 Sprained Ankle Treatment

即時處理（RICE原則）

• 休息 (Rest)：立即停止活動
• 冰敷 (Ice)：用毛巾包冰袋減腫
• 加壓 (Compression)：使用彈性繃帶或醫療護踝
• 抬高 (Elevation)：將腳抬高過心臟水平

2. 物理治療

• 處方消炎藥減輕痛楚
• 復康運動強化關節穩定性
• 水療或按摩改善腫脹瘀血

3. 醫療護踝

推薦使用Bauerfeind護踝（如 MalleoLoc）：

• 提供醫學級加壓同支撐
• 降低韌帶僵硬風險
• 增強本體感覺，防止二次受傷

Injury to the ankle is fairly common and treatment of an overturned foot is mostly conservative i.e. non-surgical. The primary course of treatment involves relieving stress from the joint and the joint capsule immediately.

• First Aid

Immediate first aid measures are highly recommended after trauma. A good guideline to follow is the RICE rule:

• Rest: The injured joint should be immobilized immediately. Rest should be prioritized, and no stress should be applied to the joint.
• Ice: Cooling the joint is recommended. To prevent and minimize swelling, an ice pack, wrapped in a cloth, should be applied immediately after an injury. 
• Compression: Compression bandages, alongside medical ankle braces, can help relieve pain and reduce swelling. These provide support and prevent excessive stress and movement of the ankle joint.
• Elevation: Elevation of the injured foot above heart level, preferably mounted, prevents further complications by managing and preventing edema.

• Prescribed physiotherapy and rehabilitation

Anti-inflammatory and pain medications can be taken to help alleviate pain and discomfort of a foot overturn injury. Prescribed rehabilitation exercises are highly recommended in order to strengthen the joint and stabilize the capsule after the acute stage.

Remedial massage and hydrotherapy can be instrumental in managing the associated symptoms of edema and bruising. Physiotherapy is also very beneficial in the process of recovering the ankle’s strength and mobility. 

• Medical ankle braces 
  • Ankle braces are helpful in smooth and effective recovery of a sprained ankle. After an injury, the joint capsule is compromised and is at a higher risk of further injury.
  • A sprained ankle can be very painful and treatment is a long process but crucial in restoring joint stability. An ankle brace can help in avoiding further shortening or stiffening of the ankle ligaments and muscles by boosting healing. 
  • Wearing a Bauerfeind brace, like the MalleoLoc ankle brace, can minimize the chances of further injury by providing enhanced stability, proprioception and medical-grade compression. 
• Surgical Intervention

Contrary to belief, surgical paths of treatment are only necessary in cases of complications. In cases of a ruptured capsule, there could be internal complications like bone fragments from the injury, which would require surgery. 

預防拗柴 

Treatment and Prevention of Sprained Ankle Through the Use of Braces

• 運動時穿著合適鞋履
• 避免凹凸不平地面

立即選用專業護踝，加速康復兼預防再傷！

A sprained ankle is fairly common in sporting activities such as Soccer and Basketball sand can be easily avoided by taking a few precautionary measures.

Better awareness of the natural limitations of our joints and better proprioception can help avoid abnormal movements of the joint, thus preventing trauma.

Ensuring appropriate footwear and practicing care on uneven surfaces are also some helpful ways of reducing the risk of a sprained ankle injury. However, one of the most effective measures is the use of medical ankle braces.

Orthoses can help in facilitating healthy proprioception (body movement and posture) during strenuous activities like in sports and running. In cases of a tear in the joint capsule, an ankle brace is highly recommended for both prevention and recovery. 

佩戴足踝護具 Braces for Sprained Ankle Treatment

佩戴足踝護具（如 MalleoTrain Plus）：

• • 3D編織技術貼合腳形
  • 緩震軟墊減痛消腫
  • 防扭傷設計，適合籃球、足球等高風險運動

The MalleoTrain Plus is a lightweight ankle brace that stabilizes the foot following twists or sprains. It helps in preventing twisted ankles. The brace features:

• Three-dimensional active knit – for a perfect fit.
• Anatomical shape – Conforms to your body for gentle compression that keeps the ankle in place and improves circulation.
• Viscoelastic cushions – Increase your comfort with soft pads while stabilizing the ankle and reducing pain and swelling.

護踝支架點樣預防拗柴後遺症

Orthosis for preventing Ankle Damage from Sprained Ankles

Bauerfeind MalleoLoc L 足踝支架專為急性拗柴設計，能穩定關節、減輕痛楚，並防止不當動作造成二次傷害。Bauerfeind’s MalleoLoc L ankle brace stabilizes the joint, relieves pain in the ankle joint and prevents it from careless movements, particularly in the acute phase of the condition.

產品特點：

 硬殼保護設計：

• 符合足踝外側解剖形狀嘅塑膠外殼

• 提供內外側強力支撐，防止關節過度翻轉

 急性期防護：

• 特別適合剛扭傷時使用，限制不穩動作

• 減少韌帶再次拉傷風險

 醫學級穩定：

• 有效預防「慣性拗柴」，幫助關節正確癒合

The brace features a plastic shell which is anatomically shaped to conform to the outer side of the foot. This shell provides a high degree of medial and lateral stabilization, helps in preventing sprains and rolling out movements of the foot.

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Foot and the Ankle Joint

Ankles are a true marvel of nature. Not only do they carry the entire weight of our bodies, but they are also sophisticated to allow complex movements. Anatomically, the ankle can be split into two sections: the upper and lower ankle.

The upper ankle consists of the tibia and fibula tip joint, while the lower ankle consists primarily of the heel and navicular bones, which are situated in close proximity to the talus.

The central ankle bone provides a strong base for both the upper and lower parts of the ankle. An extensive apparatus of ligaments and muscles hold the ankle joint together and provides tremendous stability.

Symptoms, Risks and Causes of Ankle Instability 

Ankle injuries can arise from a wide variety of causes. Most people associate ankle injuries with sprains and ligament strains during a sporting activity, twisting or other unfortunate accidents. With sufficient rest, minor injuries are able to heal by themselves.

However, in cases of major damage to the ankle, like a fracture or ligament rupture, surgery and subsequent rehabilitation are crucial to facilitate the healing process. The upper ankle is especially prone to sprains, ligament strains and other types of injury.

Cases involving significant damage to the ligaments have an increased risk of re-injury. Some of the primary risk factors include: 

• Previous ankle injuries such as sprains or overstretching of the ligaments.
• A misalignment of the ankle caused by an inward shift of the joint, also known as buckling.
• Hyper elasticity i.e. loose ligaments in the ankle that result in a lack of stability.
• High-risk physical activities and sports that apply extreme stress on the ankle.

Chronic Ankle instability

What Is Chronic Ankle Instability?

Repeated ankle injuries can lead to chronic ankle instability. Chronic ankle instability is characterized by recurring pain, a spongy running sensation and an increased likelihood of recurrent sprains.

In contrast, functional instability presents with similar symptoms, however, there is no loss to the joint’s stability. A typical example would be a patient with arthritis in the ankle joint.

Causes of Chronic Ankle Instability 

Chronic ankle instability is primarily a result of ligament damage within the ankle. The ankle has three inner and three outer ligaments. They form a complex delta-shaped structure inside the ankle and together, the ligaments stabilize the ankle.

Abnormal bending movements of the foot can result in overstretching of the ligaments, which is followed subsequently by chronic pain. Additional stress inflicted on the affected ankle may result in further damage to the joint.

Treatment of Chronic Ankle Instability 

• Alleviating pressure and stress off the injured foot is the best initial measure of recovery.
• Reducing stress helps to relieve the joint and prevent further damage.
• Applying an ice pack is highly recommended to stabilize the joint and reduce any swelling present.
• Ample rest and immobilization of the ankle can facilitate a swift recovery. However, a prompt visit to the doctor is strongly recommended in cases of severe injury as there is an increased likelihood of over-stretching and micro-cracks in the ligaments after an injury. 

For severe cases, treatment can be a long and slow process. An ankle brace can help to facilitate a smooth recovery as it provides crucial support and additional stability to the joint. Bauerfeind’s range of MalleoTrain ankle braces aim to stimulate the healing process by promoting blood circulation, reducing bruising and combating inflammation around the ankle joint. 

Ankle Instability After Severe Ankle Trauma

In severe cases of injury, like a fracture or ligament tear, surgical intervention may be necessary. Depending on the severity, complete fixation could be unavoidable.

However, long fixation periods in a cast or moon boot can have an adverse effect on the ankle. Prolonged fixation ultimately results in instability of the ankle as muscles atrophy over time. 

Thus, it is crucial to treat and rehabilitate the injured ankle to strengthen the joint and prevent further injury. With adequate rest and support, ligaments and muscles need several months to regain full mobility and stability.

During this time, an ankle brace can play a significant role in the recovery process as it helps to stimulate blood circulation and reduce any inflammation or swelling. Patients with functional ankle instability can also benefit from wearing an ankle brace, as they help to alleviate pain and improve mobility drastically. 

Medical Ankle Braces and Orthoses for Ankle Instability

Ankle braces are a valuable part of an effective patient care plan for chronic ankle instability as well as functional ankle instability.

Bauerfeind’s MalleoLoc L3 ankle brace provides a high degree of lateral stabilization to the ankle joint, without limiting normal walking movement. The anatomical shape of the thin plastic shell conforms to the outer side of the foot to prevent sprains and ligament tears. Featuring a compression garment, the MalleoLoc L3 ankle support also helps to reduce swelling by improving blood circulation around the ankle joint. 

Bauerfeind’s MalleoTrain ankle brace provides targeted pressure and stability around the ankle joint. The ankle support features two gel massaging pads, positioned on the inner and outer sides of the ankle, which aid to reduce soreness and provide pain relief.

Medical grade compression is engineered into the knitted elastic fabric, helping to promote blood circulation around the ankle joint to facilitate the healing process. The MalleoTrain’s breathable and skin-friendly flat-knit material is comfortable to wear for long long periods of time in shoes.

Causes of Extension of Ankle Ligaments

Extension of the ligaments can be caused during a wide range of activities, often on uneven ground. Some of the more common activities that lead to this are:

• Hiking/Bush-walking on uneven/slippery surfaces.
• Playing sports with lots of varied foot positioning like soccer, netball and hockey.
• Running along the sand at the beach.

Many patients will often repeat the same injury in such activities, as once sprained, the ankle can lose some of its strength.

Extension of the Ankle Ligaments Symptoms and Diagnosis

Most cases of a sprained ankle are caused by the excessive unnatural movement of the ankle joint. It is a fairly common injury and is especially common in sports and physical activities.

Mild Cases

• In milder cases, the injury usually involves a sprain, with excessive inward or outward rotation of the foot.
• A patient typically experiences a “kink” on the edge of the foot which results in an over-extension of the ligaments. There is usually severe pain, significant bruising and swelling of the ankle joint.
• The patient’s mobility is restricted and is in immense discomfort. Any strain on the affected joint results in sharp pain and should be avoided where possible.
• Ample rest and stress-free recovery are highly effective in most cases.

Chronic Case

• In cases of severe trauma, however, the overstretching of the ligaments can lead to long term degeneration or even rupturing of the ligaments.
• In this case, the stability of the joint is severely compromised and there is increased risk to further injury. A patient’s long-term functioning can be severely impacted.
• Professional medical treatment should be pursued immediately. A proper diagnosis of the severity of the injury and a ruling out of complications like bone fragments and ligament ruptures is key to identifying the most effective treatment procedure.

Treatment of Extension of the Ankle Ligaments

Ligament extensions are a direct result of over-straining the ligaments of the ankle joint. Effective treatment begins with addressing the primary symptoms of over-extensions with relieving stress and providing ample rest to the joint. Most treatments for ligament over-extensions are conservative and don’t require any kind of surgery or invasive procedure.

• Immobilization

It is highly recommended to immobilize the joint, taking weight and pressure of the ankle immediately. Avoiding any and all stress allows the joint to rest and begin recovery. Strapping the ankle with bandages at the time of injury will help with this.

• Cooling

Patients with ankle ligament extensions often experience bruising and swelling of the ankle. Cooling the joint using ice packs or cooling blankets helps reduce the build-up of edema and provides relief.

• Painkillers

Ankle injuries can be very painful and can cause severe discomfort to patients. Painkillers like Ibuprofen and Panadol can help manage the pain from the injury and provide some relief when directed by your doctor. Importantly, painkillers only temporarily treat the pain without addressing the underlying condition. In addition, tolerance may occur where the effectiveness of the drugs decrease as well as other potential side effects

• Prescribed Physiotherapy
  • In most cases, a combination of rest, proprioception and prescribed physiotherapy can be very effective tools to boost recovery.
• Physiotherapy helps strengthen the joint and the ligaments and helps to restore mobility. Following a set exercise regime provided by a physiotherapist or GP will help with the rehabilitation of the joint.
• Remedial massage and hydrotherapy are highly effective in boosting blood circulation and reducing any swelling and pain/discomfort.

• Surgical Intervention

External surgical intervention is needed only in severe cases of trauma involving complications like a complete rupture of the ligament or the presence of bone fragments. In these instances, placing a cast on the joint in the short term helps ensure the proper recovery of the ankle.

• Ankle Braces
  • Recovery from ligament extension can be a long and slow process. Medical ankle braces are highly effective in both conservative as well as post-operative treatment and are recommended by surgeons and physiotherapists alike.
• These braces are ideal to protect and provide support to a compromised joint, allowing for a swift recovery. The targeted compression accelerates recovery by boosting muscle regeneration.
• Bauerfeind has a range of ankle braces to treat such sprains at any point of severity, from the MalleoTrain S to the MalleoLoc L3.

Prevention of the Ankle Ligament Injuries

Ankle braces are a valuable part of effective patient care for ligament extension injuries. Bauerfeind offers premium, German-engineered ankle braces that are well researched, designed and manufactured to the highest standards (compared with commonly available neoprene braces). This ensures all-day wearing comfort contributing to a faster therapeutic outcome.

The MalleoTrain Plus minimizes your chances of injury by providing enhanced stability, proprioception and medical-grade compression. The brace features a 3D anatomical sleeve with medical-grade compression, which focuses on the stronger muscles and tendons in the foot, unloading the pressure on the ligaments.

• This compression enhances performance as it reduces one’s recovery rate time and eliminates the lactic acid which causes cramps.
• The in-built figure 8 strap stabilizes the ankle, reducing any rolling movements of the ankle and guiding the foot into a regular gait.
• The breathable, hypoallergenic material is flexible, making it comfortable and supportive to wear for extended periods of time.

The MalleoLoc L3 works very similarly, but with rigid support on the lateral side of the foot, preventing any rolling out of the joint. It’s special 3 part system means you can swap around components of the support to suit each and every stage of recovery.

What is Supination Trauma?

The ankle consists of two parts – the upper and lower ankle. The upper ankle has several ligaments that stabilize the joint and allows for movements including walking, jumping and other sporting activities. 

The ligaments are elastic, i.e. they stretch within a limit to allow for short term expansion of joints (stretching). In a supination trauma, ligaments have been excessively stretched due to abnormal amounts of stress. Bending of the foot inwards can overload the ligaments, which leads to severe pain and restricted mobility of the joint.

Supination vs. Pronation  

“Supination” (Latin for the bent position) describes the movement of the foot inwards, while “trauma” refers to the injury caused by forces that result in an abnormal and often violent movement.

More specifically, a supination trauma refers to an injury caused by excessive bending over the outer edge of the foot. The movement pushes the bone inwards over the edge of the foot. In contrast to supination, pronation trauma involves the movement over the inner edge.

There are varying degrees of severity in both foot pronation and supination injuries, depending on how damaged the joint and surrounding areas are. The damage can range from a ligament stretch, ligament tear to serious complications.

Following a supination trauma, the patient may also experience bruising and edema around the ankle joint. In worse cases, the sensitive joint capsule might be affected and would require special treatment. 

How to Diagnose Supination Trauma?

Ankle injuries are fairly common and should be addressed with due importance. The diagnosis of the extent of the injury, to determine complications, is crucial for a well-guided recovery.

Imaging examinations like MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) or CT scans (computed tomography) are often used to gain a better understanding of the extent of the injury (Ligament stretch vs ligament tear).

Symptoms of Foot Supination

• Mild Symptoms of Supination Trauma

Even in mild cases, the site of the injury is often very painful and, in most cases, severely limits the daily functionality of the ankle joint. Patients suffering from this condition experience sharp pain under strain as a recurring symptom until treated.

• Risk and Complications of Supination Trauma

Supination trauma has associated risks and complications. For example, blood vessels in the joint might get damaged, causing bleeding, turning the foot “blue”. In severe cases, edema may cause pressure to be applied to the vessels and nerves, which can lead to a numbing sensation in the foot. 

There are significant long term risks if proper diagnosis and treatment are avoided. Ankle injuries, both minor and serious, could lead to chronic symptoms like osteoarthritis (excessive joint wear) if left untreated. It is imperative that professional medical treatment is sought immediately to avoid degeneration of the ankle joint. 

Treatment of the Supination of the Foot

Contrary to the severity of the injury, most treatments involve conservative approaches i.e. non-surgical. 

First Aid

Immediate first aid measures are highly recommended after a supination trauma. A good guideline to follow is the RICE rule:

• Rest: The injured joint should be immobilized immediately. Rest should be prioritized, and no stress should be applied to the joint.
• Ice: Cooling the joint is recommended. To prevent and minimize swelling, an ice pack, wrapped in a cloth, should be applied immediately after an injury. 
• Compression: Compression bandages and medical ankle braces, can help relieve pain and reduce swelling. These provide support and prevent excessive stress and movement of the ankle joint.
• Elevation: Elevation of the injured foot above heart level, preferably mounted, prevents further complications by managing and preventing edema.

Prescribed Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation

• Anti-inflammatory and pain medication can help alleviate the pain and discomfort caused by supination trauma.
• Prescribed rehabilitation exercises, which can strengthen the joint and provide more stability to the ligaments, are highly recommended.
• Remedial massage and hydrotherapy can also be instrumental in managing the associated symptoms of edema. Physiotherapy is very beneficial during the recovery process as it helps to boost blood circulation and develop ankle stability.

Medical Ankle Braces 

Ankle braces and orthoses play a significant role in a smooth and effective recovery following a supination trauma. After being injured, the ankle is more susceptible to further or re-injury.

Wearing a Bauerfeind ankle brace, like the MalleoLoc L and the MalleoLoc L3, can minimize the chances of further injury by providing enhanced stability, proprioception and medical-grade compression.

Surgical Intervention

Contrary to belief, surgical paths of treatment are only necessary in complicated cases. In cases of torn ligaments, there could be internal complications like bone fragments created due to injury. This would necessitate surgery for a full recovery.

Prevention of the Foot Supination 

Trauma to the ankle joint is very painful and can be debilitating to an individual’s day to day activities. Generally, most cases of supination trauma result from unfortunate abnormal movements of the foot. Some fast-paced movements in sports, especially involving rapid changes in direction in football or basketball, carry an inherent risk that leads to the supination of the foot. 

• Running shoes for Supination of Foot

Wearing good quality training shoes is recommended as they also provide ample support to the ankle. Improving proprioception (awareness of the body’s position and movement) is one of the most effective measures in preventing the occurrence of a supination trauma.

• Exercise for Supination of Foot

Training to be more conscious of one’s movements is a formidable tool that helps patients learn to coordinate movements and react to rapid changes better. Small everyday solutions would include, sandals and running shoes for supination, supportive gear like ankle braces or supine core exercises hold to build resilience. Wearing a Bauerfeind ankle brace can minimize your chances of injury by providing enhanced stability, proprioception and medical-grade compression.

Ankle Brace to Prevent and Treat Supination of the Foot 

As a supination injury is usually painful, ankle braces are very beneficial during the treatment process. Bauerfeind’s MalleoLoc L and MalleoLoc L3 ankle braces provide additional support and stability to the joint.

The MalleoLoc L and MalleoLoc L3 are specifically geared for supination trauma and provide crucial support to the ankle while walking fast or on uneven ground, climbing stairs or performing light sporting activities such as hiking or cycling.

Both the MalleoLoc L and MalleoLoc L3 ankle braces feature an anatomically shaped L-shell which runs along the front of the outer side of the ankle. This shell provides extra stability to the foot laterally, preventing further or re-injury. 

Additionally, the MalleoLoc L3 ankle brace also features a flat-knit, elastic and breathable fabric which delivers medical-grade compression, helping to reduce edema and promote circulation around the ankle joint. 

What is Ankle Distortion?

The ankle joint is a complex connection between the leg and tarsal bones. The central ankle bone provides a strong base for both parts of the ankle. A large number of ligaments and connective tissue capsules bind the bones together. The elasticity in the ligaments allow for ease of movement and help stabilize the ankle joint.  

An ankle distortion occurs when one or more joints move beyond their physiological limit of movement. The trauma in most cases damages the joint capsule and is commonly referred to as an injury of the entire capsule-ligament apparatus. The elastic ligaments have a limit, beyond which they can tear partially or under extreme stress rupture completely. A patient with an ankle distortion will usually experience restricted movement in the ankle joint and accompanying pain under any stress. The condition can significantly impact daily activities involving walking, running and jumping. 

Diagnosis of the Ankle Distortion

Ankle joint distortion can arise from various issues. Most people associate distortions with sporting injuries; however, they can also occur due to incidents like kinking, or sprains that can result in an injury to the ligaments surrounding the ankle. 

The severity of an ankle distortion can be split into three categories:

• Grade 1: The ligaments are overstretched, without damage or joint instability.
• Grade 2: The ligaments are severely overstretched, or partially torn without joint instability.
• Grade 3: The ligaments in the ankle joint are ruptured, resulting in ankle instability. 

It is highly recommended to get a thorough medical examination, including X-rays and imaging procedures, to examine the nature and extent of the damage incurred. Doctors are then able to provide a better diagnosis with a clear image of the ankle joint structure to refer to.

Mild Ankle Distortion Symptoms

In mild cases, the first symptoms of an ankle distortion appear shortly after the injury has occurred. There is rapid swelling and increased sensitivity to pressure, almost immediately. Associated formation of hematomas and intense pain upon stress or movement of the joint severely restrict movement and daily function.

Chronic Ankle Distortion Symptoms

In chronic cases, like a ligament rupture, there is a noticeable loss in ankle stability. This can lead to degeneration of the affected joint, referred to as arthrosis. 

Depending on the location of the rupture, complications such as accompanied bone fragments may arise. X-rays can detect bone fragments and differentiate between overstretched, partially torn or ruptured ligaments. Injuries to the joint capsule can also be detected more accurately. 

Immediate professional medical treatment is highly recommended. Delayed or inappropriate treatment may lead to permanent damage and degeneration of the ankle joint. 

Treatment of Ankle Distortion

Contrary to popular belief, conservative ankle distortion treatment is encouraged and can be achieved through non-surgical avenues. Ankle distortion is a result of trauma to the ankle joint and thus, treatment should begin with relieving stress and providing adequate rest.

Immobilization

In the instance of an injury, immediate immobilization and elevation of the joint is highly recommended. Reducing stress helps to relieve the joint and prevent further damage. Treatment usually begins with immobilization for several days in an ankle brace, with the provision of crutches if required.

Prescription Painkillers

Patients with ankle distortions may experience pain and discomfort. Prescribed painkillers, like Ibuprofen, can help manage the pain and provide some relief. Importantly, painkillers only temporarily treat the pain without addressing the underlying condition. Additionally, tolerance may occur where the effectiveness of the drugs decrease as well as other potential side effects.

Prescribed Physiotherapy

Prescribed physiotherapy can be utilized to restore full mobility and regain strength & coordination of the joint. It is important to strengthen the joint as it improves ankle stability and reduces the risk of re-injury. 

Hydrotherapy and remedial massage on a regular basis can help combat any swelling and the formation of effusions. Prescribed rehabilitation helps boost blood circulation in the joints, helping to facilitate the recovery process.

Surgical Intervention

Severe cases of ligament rupture, with bone fragment complications, may require surgical treatment. This is especially common if the surfaces of the rupture no longer come into contact with each other and need to be rejoined with a ligament suture. Bony ligament tears are fixed using a screw to encourage fusion with the bone.

Medical Ankle Braces

Ankle braces provide crucial support to the ankle joint in cases of ankle distortions. They are important in the acute phase for immobilization and also play an important part in the recovery process. Wearing a Bauerfeind brace, like The MalleoLoc or the MalleoLoc L3 are recommended during conservative treatment and for post-operative care. It can also minimize your chances of injury by providing enhanced stability, proprioception and medical-grade compression.

Prevention of Ankle Distortion using Medical Braces

Simple daily measures like ensuring suitable footwear are worn can help to prevent the occurrence of ankle distortions.

Ankle braces are a crucial part of effective prevention and recovery treatment plan for ankle distortions. The use of ankle braces during activities, like sports and long-distance running, can help reduce the risk of injury by protecting the ankle joint.

Achieving the perfect fit is of the utmost importance when choosing an ankle brace for yourself. The MalleoLoc ankle brace can be worn comfortably using Velcro straps and allows the foot to roll normally. This brace allows the physiological movement patterns to be regained at an early stage, making it suitable for both conservative as well as postoperative treatment. 

The MalleoLoc features an anatomically shaped plastic shell that provides maximal lateral stability and prevents further injury. A special anti-fatigue cushion is embedded to ensure all-day comfort, whilst a plantar guide is featured to stimulate muscles in the foot to actively stabilize the ankle. 

What is Achillodynia Pain Syndrome?

The Achilles tendon is the strongest and thickest tendon in the human body, with a length of 20 to 25 cm and a width of about 5 cm. It connects our calf muscle to the heel bone in the lower ankle. When the calf muscles flex, the tendon transfers the power from the lower leg to the heel. This mechanism allows us to stand on our feet and perform complex movements.   

Achillodynia Pain Syndrome

Achillodynia (Dynie = pain) is the pain syndrome affecting the Achilles tendon and its surrounding tissues. Excessive strain on the joint is the best indicator of Achillodynia, which can affect one or both legs.

As a result of overloading or stress, pain in the tendon may lead to restricted mobility in the affected leg. Disease or injury of the Achilles tendon may have major impacts, for example, rupturing or overloading might result in problems relating to daily activities like walking, jumping, running and playing sports.  

How to diagnose Achillodynia pain?

Signs and symptoms

A patient typically suffers from a wide range of symptoms. Pain and discomfort are fairly common and can severely limit mobility.

A patient may experience repeated episodes of shooting pain when the tendon is even slightly stressed, during daily activities such as raising your toes off the ground or even standing or walking.

Mild Achillodynia Symptoms

• Mild cases of Achillodynia may involve irritation and pain in the lower ankle. There could be increased sensitivity to touch, along with swelling of the Achilles tendon (Edema formation).

• They tend to resolve without treatment over time, however, it may be indicative of a more serious underlying issue.

Chronic Achillodynia Symptoms

• Chronic pain can often lead to degeneration and loss of elasticity in the Achilles tendon.
• A serious degenerative condition such as an Achilles tendonitis or Achilles tendon rupture may also develop. Immediate medical treatment is highly recommended. 

Factors Increasing Risk of Achillodynia

Certain factors increase the vulnerability to Achillodynia, including:

• Athletic background:
  • Athletes between the ages of 35 and 45 years, with an intense training regimen, are especially susceptible to Achillodynia.
  • Athletes who train a lot on hard surfaces are at similar risk.
  • All athletes are considered to be at high risk of experiencing Achillodynia due to the high impact and nature of sports activities.
  • Male athletes are more likely to develop symptoms than Female athletes. 
• Previous ligament injuries increase the risk of Achillodynia.
• Incorrect positioning of the feet for prolonged periods of time may lead to increased stress on the tendon and later result in Achillodynia.

Conservative Treatment of Achillodynia Pain

Conservative treatment is often initially recommended for Achillodynia. The effectiveness of treatment greatly depends on how quickly the treatment strategies are implemented.

Achillodynia is a chronic condition of over stressing the Achilles tendon, thus the primary course of treatment involves relieving stress from the ankle joint. 

• Immobilization of the Achilles Tendon

Complete immobilization and relief from all external stress is the first step of recovery in all cases of Achillodynia. The use of medical ankle braces can provide substantial support and pain relief to the Achilles tendon. Suspension of the joint and sufficient recovery time is highly recommended to ensure complete healing.

• Rehabilitation and physiotherapy

The Achilles tendon is strong and resilient but lacks a blood supply. Prescribed rehabilitation, like hydrotherapy and remedial massage, help boost blood circulation and thus facilitate the healing process. Physiotherapy has been proven to be an effective treatment path. The prescribed exercises can help promote the structural stability of the tendon and facilitate recovery.

• Prescribed painkillers

Painkillers such as Ibuprofen used to help alleviate pain and discomfort in patients. However, painkillers only temporarily treat the pain without addressing the underlying condition. In addition, tolerance may occur where the effectiveness of the drugs decrease as well as other potential side effects.

• Medical ankle braces and bandages

Compression is instrumental in the recovery of Achillodynia. The use of medical ankle braces can be useful during the healing process of Achillodynia.

Ankle braces provide targeted compression and support to the achilles joint, helping to boost circulation. This helps in reducing swelling (edema formation) and inflammation of the achilles and ankle joint.

Unlike common neoprene braces, Bauerfeind’s range of ankle braces uses a 3D flat-knit weave and medical-grade compression to help promote blood flow, healing and all-day comfort.

Prevention and treatment of Achillodynia

Various measures can be taken to prevent the occurrence of Achillodynia. The first step is awareness. It is necessary to understand the limitations of the ankle joint and the Achilles tendon, and the extent of stress that both structures can withstand. 

Safe practices, like good running shoes and good athletic form, can make a huge difference in preventing the occurrence of Achillodynia, and even prevent any severe damage to the Achilles tendon. 

Complete recovery will take adequate time and will require sufficient rest. Reducing excessive straining movements as well as providing blood circulation to the Achilles tendon will aid the healing process. 

Bauerfeind’s Achilles Braces for Achillodynia pain

Bauerfeind’s AchilloTrain and AchilloTrain Pro ankle braces can help in treating Achillodynia and provide optimal support to the Achilles tendon for pain relief. Take a look at this video to learn more.

How does Achillotrain ankle brace help in treating mild Achillodynia?

The AchilloTrain ankle brace features an integrated heel cushion and built-in gel support that massages the insertion area of the Achilles tendon and exerts pressure on the surrounding tissues.

The combination of the gel support and medical-grade compression helps in promoting blood circulation and assist in healing the ankle joint.  

How does Achillotrain Pro ankle brace help the treatment of chronic achillodynia?

The AchilloTrain Pro ankle brace is an advanced brace that features massaging gel support which runs along the entire length of the Achilles tendon.

The AchilloTrain Pro is suitable for care beyond the acute phase of Achillodynia and can be used as a preventive measure for relapse. The brace provides not only support around the tendon but extends support to the calf muscles. 

HALLUX RIGIDUS: BIG TOE JOINT DISORDER

Our feet provide a strong foundation and support daily movements like walking, running and jumping. Long term wear and tear can lead to arthritis in the big toe joint.

This is often referred to as Hallux Rigidus. A patient suffering from this condition experiences pain in the big toe region under any external stress and can severely restrict mobility. 

CAUSES OF HALLUX RIGIDUS

Hallux rigidus (stiff big toe) is one of the most common conditions of the big toe. This arises from long term degeneration of the big toe, which leads to arthrosis. Some of the risk factors for developing Hallux Rigidus are:

• Improper footwear, including pointy and narrow shoes
• Poor proprioception and misalignment of the feet
• Injury and trauma
• Hereditary factors (family history)
• Pre-existing conditions like rheumatism, gout disease and obesity

*Note: Though the condition is consistent in both males and females, it is more common to make an early diagnosis in females and thus the severity of the condition is limited. Consequently, older males are more likely to be disproportionately affected by the chronic condition of Hallux Rigidus.  

HALLUX RIGIDUS SYMPTOMS

Joints in the foot are resilient and are able to withstand large amounts of stress. However, long term exposure to the above risk factors can, unfortunately, lead to degeneration of the big toe joint.

MILD CASE SYMPTOMS OF HALLUX RIGIDUS

Common symptoms of Hallux Rigidus include:

• Pain under external stress, such as when walking – this pain is temporary but should not be overlooked
• Associated inflammation and swelling of the big toe
• Callosities
• Rubbing noises while walking as well as muscle jerking

A CHRONIC CASE OF HALLUX RIGIDUS SYMPTOMS

In chronic cases, the space between the bones in the big toe joint might become smaller close completely. Due to this, the patient will experience stiffness in the big toe, sharp pain and severely restricted mobility. 

Hallux Rigidus has a debilitating effect on the quality of life of a patient. The damage to the bone is irreversible and immediate medical attention upon initial symptoms is highly recommended. The earlier the diagnosis, the better the prognosis. 

DIAGNOSIS OF HALLUX RIGIDUS

A professional orthopedic specialist is the best person to contact regarding Hallux rigidus.

• An effective diagnosis begins with a thorough account of the symptoms and a complete physical examination of the affected foot.
• The specialist then conducts a complete family history to check for hereditary risks and pre-existing factors that could lead to the condition.
• Sophisticated imaging technology, including X-rays and MRI scanning, can be used to study the extent of the disease’s progression and to plan an effective treatment path.

HALLUX RIGIDUS (BIG TOE JOINT DISORDER) PAIN RELIEF & TREATMENT

The course of treatment depends entirely on the stage of the disease. A few measures that are helpful involve:

• IMMOBILIZATION

In case the condition arises from physical trauma or sporting accident, taking pressure off the injured foot is the best first measure. This prevents excessive stress on the injured area. Ample rest and suspension of the joint, using a medical orthopedic insole, is highly recommended and can facilitate a smooth recovery. 

• COOLING

Applying an ice pack on the affected area is highly effective in managing the edema caused by the injury. It soothes the joint and can provide temporary relief to the patient.

• PRESCRIPTION PAINKILLERS

Patients with Hallux rigidus experience pain and discomfort. Prescribed painkillers, like Ibuprofen, can help manage the pain and provide some relief. Application of anti-inflammatory ointments and balms help to control swelling and soothe the big toe joint temporarily. However, prescribed pain killers do not address the underlying condition.

• PRESCRIBED PHYSIOTHERAPY

Rehabilitation is very important to ensure complete healing and to manage the long term consequences of the condition. Prescribed physiotherapy exercises help strengthen the joint and alleviate various symptoms. Balneotherapy (e.g. Sulphur or radon baths) has been proven to counteract the signs of wear and tear in inflamed joints. 

In cases of muscle degeneration due to long periods of immobilization, like in a cast, physiotherapy helps a patient regain mobility and strength in the lower body.

• MEDICAL ORTHOPEDIC INSOLES

Orthopedic insoles and aids, like Bauerfeind’s ErgoPad Redux Hallux 2 insole and ValguLoc II splint, have proven to be highly effective tools in both preventing and providing relief to affected joints, by encouraging healthy proprioception and reducing stress on the compromised joint.

• CORTISONE SHOT FOR HALLUX RIGIDUS

Infusion therapy is also another course of treatment that has proven effective in some patients. Local anesthetics and medicines containing cortisone are injected directly into the affected region.

A patient feels immediate relief and most symptoms can be managed effectively. However, infusion therapy carries a significant risk of infection and should be considered only after exhausting all conservative treatments.

• SURGICAL INTERVENTION

Surgery should be the last resort and considered only in chronic cases where there are excessive wear and tear of the toe joint ligaments. 

PREVENTION OF HALLUX RIGIDUS 

Understanding the symptoms and acting on the first sign of Hallux Rigidus is very effective in preventing the disease from progressing further.

Patients are highly advised to evaluate the risk factors, such as high-intensity contact sports or poor proprioception, and take measures to protect the big toe joint.

Good footwear and orthotic insoles during high impact activities could go a long way in preventing the condition.

HALLUX RIGIDUS SPLINT AND INSOLE

Immobilization of the joint helps effectively manage the inflammatory process. Bauerfeind’s ErgoPad redux hallux insole provides stability and minimizes the movement of the big toe joint during walking movements.

The insole integrates a stiffening agent that numbs the joint and provides pain relief. The insole is tough and prevents the heel from levering out of the shoe, encouraging the natural rolling movement during walking or running. 

Bauerfeind’s ValguLoc II toe splint also helps to relieve the big toe joint during rest and movement. It features an adjustable joint which holds the toe at a predetermined angle, at which extension and flexion are prevented or can be permitted gradually through the recovery process.

Together, these Bauerfeind orthoses ensure even footing and protect against overloading in the future.